The prime graph (or Gruenberg-Kegel graph) of a , nite group is a well-known graph. In this paper, , rst, we investigate the structure of the , nite groups with a non-complete prime graph. Then as an application, we prove that every alternating group An, where n ,31 is determined by its order and its largest Element order. Also, we show that A32 is not characterizable by order and the largest Element order.

A new higher-order triangular plane Element with drilling degrees of freedom is proposed by assumption of second-order strain field. In addition to inclusion of drilling degrees of freedom and utilization of higher-order assumes strains, satisfaction of equilibrium equations improves performance of the suggested Element in comparison with many of the other available Elements. After proposition of the new Element, a series of benchmark problems are solved to evaluate performance of the suggested Element. Accuracy and efficiency of the suggested Element is compared with other strain-based plane Elements. Detailed discussions are offered after each benchmark problem. Finally, based on the attained results, a final conclusion about characteristics of robust membrane Elements is made.

The avenue is a favorite subject for theorists in various fields. The plurality of perspectives in this context entails different methods for pondering over the concept of ‘avenue’: through form (Lynch, 1950 and Cullen, 1961 and Bacon, 1976 and Gourdon, 2001), through aesthetics (Koblenz, 1998), through social sciences (Jacobs, 1961), through interactions between individuals (Lemenorel, 1994), through political acts (Marx, 1870) or through history (Nicaulaud, 1995). In parallel to this, the researchers are pursuing new ways to study the phenomenon of avenue. One of the latest approaches to that connection is the systematic analysis which focuses on analyzing the qualities of the city.Given the inadequacies of the classical approaches to deal with the complexities of the universe, a systematic approach has been developed to be used as a scientific tool to study the phenomenon of the avenue. Limitations of analytical thinking in various fields such as mathematics and biology have been at the heart of the systematic thought in the early twentieth century, and the addition of the word “system” resulted in the emergence of many disciplines. The extensible nature of this thought in various fields prepared the ground for it to become an intellectual paradigm which has been specifically useful in approaching complex issues in intellectual circles of the second half of the 20th century. This has in itself led to the development of a systematic outlook toward intellectual issues in the present century. The complex nature of the city has made the intellectuals in the area of urban studies to adopt a systematic approach as a scientific means to analyze and determine the Elements of the city.Studies in the field of the spatial organization of the city are examples of these efforts that expose the avenue as the main Element that comprise the structure of the city. Based on this, the question of the avenue as part of a systematic approach is very important in urban debates. The order of the avenue is a concept with an old background in urban issues. The fundamental role of order in the formation of systems promotes its significance in the systematic approach toward the phenomenon of avenue. Therefore, by considering the frameworks that have been defined for the urban landscape, it seems that the epistemological question about the order of the avenue is a key step in analyzing its related landscape.The system is a unit consisting of vital Elements in three levels:The first level (basic): The presence of independent components, The second level (intermediate): The relationship between the components, The third level (high): The sole purpose for management of relationships.In a systematic approach, the city as a great central processing unit is itself composed of several subsystems which are simpler and smaller. The avenue is one of those subsystems which play an important role in the network of urban roads. Accordingly, the avenue is a basic component of the city structure and is a subsystem of the spatial organization of the city. Given the diversity of its components, the avenue is a complex system that follows the rules below:The avenue is an entirety, Elements of the avenue are interdependent, The order in the avenue demonstrates the relation of its components.- The avenue contains interactive subsystems which interact with each other in order of hierarchy.In the systemic theory, the avenues are the forms and functions of a whole system and the relations between them create the order of the avenue. Such order can be classified in different levels. In other words, the maximized and minimized combination of form and function creates a spectrum of various levels of order for the avenue. This is the direct product of the social and political conditions of various societies and its entirety is in line with the spectrum of absolute order to deductive order:• The maximum unity and minimal diversity of the form represent the absolute order of the avenue which lie on a fixed spectrum and its unchangeable nature manifests the authority of a special power. By the same logic which is inherent in it, this unity and diversity is definable, measurable and perceptible by the five senses.• The minimum unity in form and the maximum diversity of roles represent the deductive order of the avenue. The unchangeable nature of this evokes the power of the society against the authority. When considering the maximum dimensions of this side of the spectrum (role and form), it becomes evident that the deductive order cannot be put into any specific framework of logic. Nevertheless, this is not to mean that there is no logic involved in this. Rather, logic plays a resilient role on this front. Deductive order therefore is a growing phenomenon and the five senses cannot detect it on their own.The research has four steps:- Explaining order as a concept arising from the relationship in the training system;- Analyzing the ontological and epistemological aspects of avenue as a system;- Providing two basic models of avenue order;- Describing and evaluating the hypothesis on the basis of the avenue order.

In recent year, the evolutionary structural optimization (ESO) method has been applied as an effective tool for structures design. The concept of ESO method is to use the finite Element results in each iteration of process and removal of inefficient material based on these results. In this method there are several experimental parameters such as rejection rate and evolutionary rate that are effective in results. This paper studies the influence of Elements according to orders and in this regard has been applied eight node Element and in addition to that it compares whit four node Element results, is investigated influence in stress value, volume reduction, other parameters such as evolutionary rate and rejection rate. The results show that some parameters for low order Elements are not suitable in high order Elements problems and there for, has represented adequate value parameters. several examples are provided whit various boundary condition.

Intelligent agents are considered as significant means towards realizing the semantic web vision. On the Semantic Web, integrating ontologies and rules enables software agents to interoperate between them, however, this leads to a problem, that no studies have focused on effective distributed reasoning for integrating ontologies and rules in multiple knowledge-bases. The methods that have been presented for distributed reasoning not only get a lot of times and memory, but also do not lead to a complete and sound reasoning. In this paper, to solve this problem, we present a distributed reasoning system that deals with the representation of the knowledge-base of order sorted logic. This logic is able to describe the hierarchy of predicates and inheritance of expressions that there are in our natural language. To have a distributed reasoning, our proposed method uses the expansion of rigid and valid-non-rigid properties between knowledge-bases. Furthermore, with considering time and the situation of properties for reasoning, the non-rigid properties have not been ignored, in fact, in their valid time and situation, they are used. With this method, we achieve a complete reasoning and, moreover, the extracted knowledge is completely considered in the knowledge-bases and we have a distributed reasoning with high efficiency and sound without missing any information.

A novel higher order mode excitation method for a 8×8 cavity-backed slot array antenna in Ku-Band is introduced in this letter. The antenna is formed by three main layers, consisting power divider, slotted cavities, and dipoles. All the 64 Elements of the array is simply excited by a coaxial probe located at the center of the ground plane. The power divider distributes the electromagnetic waves into the upper four cavities, which leads to the excitation of TE440 mode in each cavity. The fabricated antenna exhibits a maximum gain of 19. 6dBi and radiation efficiency of 80%. The measured S11<-10 dB is in the range of 14. 1-14. 3 GH. Moreover, the aperture efficiency of this antenna reached a peak of 72%.

An efficient reduced-order modeling (ROM) approach to predict unsteady behavior of partial cavity flows is proposed. The unsteady potential flow along with the cavity effects is analyzed using the boundary Element method (BEM). Partial cavity flow is modeled based on the partially non-linear model without re-gridding with some modification. Proposed reduced-order model (PROM) is based on the fluid eigenmodes. The spatial iterative scheme that is usually used to determine the cavity extent is efficiently removed in order to construct the flow eigensystem. Eigenanalysis and reduced-order modeling of unsteady flows over a NACA 16-006 section are performed using the proposed reduced-order modeling approach. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method. Comparison between the obtained results of the proposed method and those of conventional ones indicates that the present algorithm works well with sufficient accuracy. Finally, it is shown that the proposed method is computationally more efficient than the conventional one for unsteady sheet cavitation analysis on hydrofoils.

In this paper, we prove that chevalley groups G2(q), where q ≡,±, 2(mod 5) and q2 + q + 1 is a prime number, can be uniquely determined by the order of the group and the second largest Element order.